The period spanning the 12th to 14th centuries was marked as an unprecedented stage for Armenian history and culture. The Armenian kingdom was established in Cilicia, geographically distant from the primary Armenian territories. Concurrently, Eastern Armenian lands came under the dominion of Georgian Queen Tamar and were governed by Zak῾aryan (Mkhargrdzeli) brothers. The Armenian historical sources indicate that the…
Based on the decoration of Byzantine churches, the scene of the Communion of the Apostles appears in the murals of several Armenian churches in the 13th century. During the same period, the Communion of the Apostles is included in evangelical iconography of Armenian manuscripts of Cilicia, reflecting the Byzantine tradition of illumination. In the 14th…
Borders are central to the formation of collective identity. They shape more than just physical or geographical boundaries, inscribing space with social and historical meaning. In this process, place names become bearers of the memory of the historical landscape and encompasses it within linguistics, cultural, and geographical borders. Armenia offers a particularly rich case study…
This study evaluates the impact of the political, religious and cultural interactions between the Armenians and the Byzantines in the 7th century, particularly during the reign of Emperor Heraclius (610-641), on Armenian architecture, based on surface survey data. Situated on the eastern frontier of the Byzantine Empire, the Armenians were caught between the rival powers…