From Hippo-Angelophania to Equestrian Hagiophania: Angels and Holy Horsemen in Proto-Byzantine Worship (4th–7th Century)
Apparitions of providential horsemen find their matrix in ancient dioscurophanies, such as the one reported at Lake Regillus (499 BC) by Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Through a phenomenon of symbolic porosity, this figure of the celestial horseman resurfaces in Judeo-Hellenistic literature precisely in 2 Maccabees 3:25–26, where two young horsemen repel Heliodorus in direct…
